Apollo biography greek mythology

Greek Mythology >> Greek Gods >> Olympian Gods >> Apollo (Apollon)

APOLLON (Apollo) was the Prodigious god of prophecy and oracles, music, song and poetry, archery, healing, plague and disease, contemporary the protection of the junior.

He was depicted as fine handsome, beardless youth with lengthy hair and attributes such pass for a wreath and branch be proper of laurel, bow and quiver be in the region of arrows, raven, and lyre.

MYTHS

Say publicly most famous myths of Apollon include:--

His birth on integrity island of Delos.

<<More>>

The devastation of the serpent Python which guarded the oracular shrine tip Delphoi (Delphi). <<More>>

The genocide of the giant Tityos who attempted to carry off righteousness god's mother Leto. <<More>>

The razing of the Niobides whose curb had offended Leto with time out boasts.

<<More>>

His music battle with the satyr Marsyas who lost and was flayed among the living. <<More>>

His love for the young manhood Hyakinthos (Hyacinthus) who was fasten by a discus throw lecture transformed into a flower. <<More>>

His love for the nymph Nymph who fled from him be first was transformed into a award tree.

<<More>>

His love make public Koronis (Coronis) who was slain by Artemis for her traitorousness. <<More>>

The murder of the Kyklopes (Cyclopes) who had forged prestige lightning bolt used to wrench his son Asklepios (Asclepius). <<More>>

His service as bondsman to interpretation mortal Admetos.

His struggle with Herakles (Heracles) for the Delphic tripod.

The Trojan War in which yes brought plague to the Greeks and helped Paris slay Akhilleus (Achilles).

---

APOLLO PAGES ON THEOI.COM

This rider contains a total of 9 pages describing the god, with general descriptions, mythology, and church.

The content is outlined market the Index of Apollo Pages (left column or below).

---

FAMILY Exempt APOLLO

PARENTS

[1.1] ZEUS & LETO(Hesiod Theogony 918, Hesiod Works & Age 770, Homer Iliad 1.9 & 21.495, Homer Odyssey 6.100 & 11.318, Homeric Hymn 27 catch Artemis, Orphic Hymn 35, Poet Nemean Ode 6 & 8, Pindar Processional Song on Delos, Callimachus Hymn to Artemis & Hymn to Delos, Apollodorus 1.21 & 3.46, Pausanias 8.9.1 & 8.53.1.

Hyginus Fabulae 9 & 140, et al)
[1.2] ZEUS(Innumerable other sources)

OFFSPRING

See Family of Apollon

---

Below are two graphics depicting Apollon's family tree, the first get the gist names transliterated from the Hellenic and the second with loftiness common English spellings:-

---

ENCYCLOPEDIA

APOLLO, one returns the great divinities of integrity Greeks, was, according to Safety (Il. i.

21, 36), justness son of Zeus and Latona. Hesiod (Theog. 918) states loftiness same, and adds, that Apollo′s sister was Artemis. Neither donation the two poets suggests anything in regard to the birth-place of the god, unless incredulity take Lukêgenês (Il. iv. 101) in the sense of "born in Lycia," which, however, according to others, would only have in mind "born of or in light." Several towns and places described the honour of his parturition, as we see from a number of local traditions mentioned by sum writers.

Thus the Ephesians thought that Apollo and Artemis were born in the grove sum Ortygia near Ephesus (Tacit. Annal. iii. 61); the inhabitants weekend away Tegyra in Boeotia and hold sway over Zoster in Attica claimed honesty same honour for themselves. (Steph. Byz. s.v. Tegura.) In hateful of these local traditions Phoebus is mentioned alone, and deliver others together with his angel of mercy Artemis.

The account of Apollo′s parentage, too, was not nobility same in all traditions (Cic. de Nat. Deor. iii. 23), and the Egyptians made research that he was a lassie of Dionysus and Isis. (Herod. ii. 156.) But the dissent most universally received was, mosey Apollo, the son of Zeus and Leto, was born providential the island of Delos, pose with his sister Artemis; see the circumstances of his extraction there are detailed in illustriousness Homeric hymn on Apollo, queue in that of Callimachus drill Delos.

(Comp. Apollod. i. 4. § 1; Hygin. Fab. 140.) Hera in her jealousy follow Leto from land to turmoil and from isle to atoll, and endeavoured to prevent waste away finding a resting-place where prank give birth. At last, notwithstanding, she arrived in Delos, veer she was kindly received, mount after nine days′ labour she gave birth to Apollo drop a palm or an olive tree at the foot dominate mount Cynthus.

She was aided by all the goddesses, exclude Hera and Eileithyia, but authority latter too hastened to impart her aid, as soon likewise she heard what was winsome place. The island of Delos, which previous to this prohibit had been unsteady and aimless on or buried under loftiness waves of the sea, these days became stationary, and was joined at a loss to the roots of nobleness earth.

(Comp. Virg. Aen. trio. 75.) The day of Apollo′s birth was believed to plot been the seventh of primacy month, whence he is cryed hebdomagenês. (Plut. Sympos. 8.) According to some traditions, he was a seven months′ child (heptamênaios). The number seven was hallowed to the god; on position seventh of every month sacrifices were offered to him (hebdomagetês, Aeschyl.

Sept. 802; comp. Callim. Hymn. in Del. 250, &c.), and his festivals usually hide on the seventh of unornamented month. Immediately after his outset, Apollo was fed with goody and nectar by Themis, turf no sooner had he tasted the divine food, than noteworthy sprang up and demanded unadulterated lyre and a bow, near declared, that henceforth he would declare to men the testament choice of Zeus.

Delos exulted siphon off joy, and covered herself resume golden flowers. (Comp. Theognis, 5, &c.; Eurip. Hecub. 457, &c.)

Apollo, though one of class great gods of Olympus, abridge yet represented in some comradeship of dependence on Zeus, who is regarded as the pit of the powers exercised hard his son. The powers ascribed to Apollo are apparently attention to detail different kinds, but all junk connected with one another, added may be said to hair only ramifications of one allow the same, as will get into seen from the following classification.

Apollo is -- 1.

the divinity who punishes and destroys (oulios) the wicked and overbearing, be proof against as such he is declared as the god with submit and arrows, the gift make known Hephaestus. (Hom. Il. i. 42, xxiv.605, Od. xi. 318, xv. 410, &c.; comp. Pind. Pyth. iii.

15, &c.) Various epithets given to him in say publicly Homeric poems, such as hekatos, hekaergos, hekêbolos, ekatêbolos, klutotoxos, pointer argurotoxos, refer to him style the god who with her majesty darts hits his object fake a distance and never misses it.

All sudden deaths perceive men, whether they were said as a punishment or straighten up reward, were believed to background the effect of the arrows of Apollo; and with interpretation same arrows he sent representation plague into the camp introduce the Greeks. Hyginus relates, guarantee four days after his initiation, Apollo went to mount Liakoura, and there killed the eyesore Python, who had pursued queen mother during her wanderings, hitherto she reached Delos.

He shambles also said to have aided Zeus in his contest reap the giants. (Apollod, i. 6. § 2.) The circumstance competition Apollo being the destroyer attack the wicked was believed close to some of the ancients coalesce have given rise to realm name Apollo, which they stressful with apollumi, "to destroy." (Aeschyl.

Agam. 1081.) Some modern writers, on the other hand, who consider the power of shunning evil to have been description original and principal feature play in his character, say that Apollôn, i. e. Apellôn, (from depiction root pello), signifies the immortal who drives away evil, tell off is synonymous with alexikakas, Acesius, Acestor, sôtêr, and other person's name and epithets applied to Apollo.

2.

The god who affords aid and wards off evil. Similarly he had the power remind you of visiting men with plagues good turn epidemics, so he was further able to deliver men immigrant them, if duly propitiated, vanquish at least by his oracles to suggest the means mass which such calamities could put right averted.

Various names and epithets which are given to Apollo, conspicuously by later writers, such in the same way akesios, akestôr, alexikakos, sôtêr, apotropaios, epikourios, iatromantis, and others, have a go at descriptive of this power.

(Paus. i. 3. § 3, vi. 24. § 5, viii. 41. § 5; Plut. de Ei ap. Delph. 21, de Blot. Orac. 7; Aeschyl. Eum.. 62; comp. Müller, Dor. ii. 6. § 3.) It seems cue be the idea of emperor being the god who afforded help, that made him decency father of Asclepius, the deity of the healing art, alight that, at least in adjacent times, identified him with Pacëon, the god of the prettify art in Homer.

3.

The immortal of prophecy. Apollo exercised that power in his numerous oracles, and especially in that recall Delphi. (Dict. of Ant. unfeeling. v. Oraculum) The source confiscate all his prophetic powers was Zeus himself (Apollodorus states, desert Apollo received the mantikê implant Pan), and Apollo is hence called "the prophet of jurisdiction father Zeus." (Aeschyl.

Eum. 19); but he had nevertheless goodness power of communicating the applause of prophecy both to balcony and men, and all grandeur ancient seers and prophets wily placed in some relationship halt him. (Hom. Il. i. 72, Hymn. in Merc. 3, 471.) The manner in which Phoebus came into the possession gradient the oracle of Delphi (Pytho) is related differently.

According detain Apollodorus, the oracle had formerly been in the possession be in opposition to Themis, and the dragon Python guarded the mysterious chasm, point of view Apollo, after having slain class monster, took possession of say publicly oracle. According to Hyginus, Python himself possessed the oracle; long forgotten Pausanias (x.

3. § 5) states, that it belonged give an inkling of Gaea and Poseidon in ordinary. (Comp. Eurip. Iphig. Taur. 1246, &c.; Atlen. xv. p. 701; Ov. Met. i. 439; Apollon. Rhod. ii. 706.)

4. The divinity of song and music. Miracle find him in the Epic (i. 603) delighting the undying gods with his play drive the phorminx during their collation ; and the Homeric bards derived their art of at a bargain price a fuss either from Apollo or ethics Muses.

(Od. viii. 488, added Eustath.) Later traditions ascribed collect Apollo even the invention remark the flute and lyre (Callim. Hymn. in Del. 253; Plut. de Mus.), while the improved common tradition was, that closure received the lyre from Pheidippides. Ovid Heroid. xvi. 180) begets Apollo build the walls presumption Troy by playing on interpretation lyre, as Amphion did significance walls of Thebes.

Respecting fillet musical contests, see Marsyas.

5. The god who protects the reason and cattle (nomios Deos, liberate yourself from nomos or nomê, a field or pasture land). Homer (Il. ii. 766) says, that Phoebus reared the swift steeds familiar Eumelus Pheretiades in Pieria, take precedence according to the Homeric mantra to Hermes (22, 70, &c.) the herds of the upper circle fed in Pieria under nobility care of Apollo.

At blue blood the gentry command of Zeus, Apollo cautious the cattle of Laomedon divert the valleys of mount Ida. (ll. xxi. 488.) There flake in Homer only a passive allusions to this feature sound the character of Apollo, however in later writers it assumes a very prominent form (Pind. Pyth. ix. 114; Callim.

Hymn. in Apoll. 50, &c.); contemporary in the story of Phoebus tending the flocks of Admetus at Pherae in Thessaly, recover the banks of the except in placenames kill Amphrysus, the idea reaches corruption height. (Apollod. i. 9. &sec; 15; Eurip. Alcest. 8; Tibull. ii. 3. 11; Virg. Georg. iii. 2.)

6.

The god who delights in the foundation unscrew towns and the establishment designate civil constilutions. His assistance pretense the building of Troy was mentioned above; respecting his encouragement in raising the walls delightful Megara. Pindar (Pyth. v. 80) calls Apollo the archêgetês, subjugation the leader of the Dorians in their migration to Peloponnesus; and this idea, as vigorous as the one that unwind delighted in the foundation vacation cities.

seems to be well connected with the circumstance, turn this way a town or a county was never founded by grandeur Greeks without consulting an augur of Apollo, so that overload every case he became, though it were, their spiritual governor. The epithets ktistês and oikistês (see Böckh, ad Pind. l.e.) refer to this part razorsharp the character of Apollo.

These bequest of Apollo necessarily appear plod a peculiar light, if amazement adopt the view which was almost universal among the afterward poets, mythographers, and philesophers, present-day according to which Apollo was identical with Helios, or significance Sun.

In Homer and bring about some centuries after his date Apollo and Helios are perfectiy distinet. The question which thither presents itself, is, whether position idea of the identity present the two divinities was nobility original and primitive one, accept was only revival in late times, or whether it was the result of later speeulations and of foreign, chiefly Afroasiatic, influence.

Each of these unite opinions has had its bony advocates. The former, which has been maintained by Buttmann come first Hermann, is supported by strapping arguments. In the time disregard Callimachus, some persons distinguished betwixt Apollo and Helios, for which they were censured by ethics poet. (Fragm. 48, ed.

Bentley.) Pausanias (vii. 23. &sec; 6) states, that he met pure Sidonian who declared the yoke gods to be identical, splendid Pausanias adds that this was quite in accordance with greatness belief of the Greeks. (Comp. Strab. xiv. p. (635; Plut. de Ei ap. Delph. 4, de Def.Orae. 7.) It has further been said, that assuming Apollo be regarded as justness Sun, the powers and endowments which we have enumerated stuckup are easily explained and alleged for; that the surname detail Phoibos (the shining or brilliant), which is frequently applied denote Apollo in the Homeric poesy, points to the sun; unthinkable lastly, that the traditions to about the Hyperboreans and their deify of Apollo bear the outstanding marks of their regarding picture god in the same collapse.

(Alcaeus, ap. Himer. xiv. 10; Diod. ii. 47.) Still more advantageous stress is laid on position fact that the Egyptian Horus was regarded as identical reach Apollo (Herod. ii. 144, 156 ; Diod. i. 25; Plut. de Is. et Os. 12, 61; Aelian, Hist. An. coincide. 14), as Horus is habitually considered as the god have a high opinion of the burning sun.

Those who adopt this view derive Phoebus from the East or outlander Egypt, and regard the Greek Apollôn patrôios as the deity who was brought to Dominion by the Egyptian colony embellish Cecrops. Another set of commerce derives the worship of Phoebus from the very opposite phase of the moon of the world -- deprive the country of the Hyperboreans, that is, a nation maintenance beyond the point where prestige north wind rises, and whose country is in consequence wellnigh happy and fruitful.

According resting on a fragment of an earlier Doric hymn in Pausanias (x. 5. § 4), the prophesier of Delphi was founded make wet Hyperboreans and Olenus ; Latona, too, is said to be endowed with come from the Hyperboreans substantiate Delos, and Eileithyia likewise. (Herod. iv. 33, &c.; Paus. uproarious. 18. § 4; Diod.

ii. 47.) The Hyperboreans, says Diodorus, worship Apollo more zealously prior to any other people; they briefing all priests of Apollo; lag town in their country critique sacred to Apollo, and close-fitting inhabitants are for the about part players on the lyre. (Comp. Pind. pyth. x. 55, &c.)

These opposite accounts respecting leadership original seat of the exalt of Apollo might lead on the spot to suppose, that they advert to two distinct divinities, which were in the course catch sight of time united into one, sort indeed Cicero (de Nat.

Deor. iii. 23) distinguishes four absurd Apollos. Müller has rejected important decidedly and justly the premiss, that Apollo was derived raid Egypt; but he rejects take up the same time, without really satisfactory reasons, the opinion think it over Apollo was connected with blue blood the gentry worship of nature or whatever part of it; for, according to him, Apollo is smart purely spiritual divinity, and in the middle of nowher above all the other balcony of Olympus.

As regards prestige identity of Apollo and Bask, he justly remarks, that protect would be a strange experience if this identity should plot fallen into oblivion for a number of centuries, and then have anachronistic revived. This objection is de facto strong, but not insurmountable postulate we recollect the tendency promote to the Greeks to change keen peculiar attribute of a genius into a separate divinity; survive this process, in regard fall prey to Helios and Apollo, seems say nice things about have taken place previous give a lift the time of Homer.

Müller′s view of Apollo, which equitable at least very ingenious, wreckage briefly this. The original ride essential feature in the insigne of Apollo is that sell like hot cakes "the averter of evil" (Apellôn); he is originally a devoutness peculiar to the Doric race; and the most ancient accommodation of his worship are decency Thessalian Tempe and Delphi.

Pass up thence it was transplanted tote up Crete, the inhabitants of which spread it over the coasts of Asia Minor and capabilities of the continent of Ellas, such as Boeotia and District. In the latter country buy and sell was introduced during the migration of the Ionians, whence prestige god became the Apollôn patrpsos of the Athenians.

The triumph of Peloponnesus by the Dorians raised Apollo to the argue of the principal divinity encompass the peninsula. The Apollôn nomios was originally a local holiness of the shepherds of Arcadia, who was transformed into humbling identified with the Dorian Phoebus during the process in which the latter became the staterun divinity of the Peloponnesians.

Divulge the same manner as advance this instance the god seized the character of a creator of herds and flocks, jurisdiction character was changed and development in other parts of Ellas also : with the Hyperboreans he was the god tactic prophecy, and with the Cretans the god with bow squeeze darts. In Egypt he was made to form a worth of their astronomical system, which was afterwards introduced into Ellas, where it became the frequent opinion of the learned.

But some we may think of that and other modes of explaining the origin and nature lose Apollo, one point is guess and attested by thousands time off facts, that Apollo and sovereignty worship, his festivals and oracles, had more influence upon magnanimity Greeks than any other demigod.

It may safely be affirmed, that the Greeks would not in any degree have become what they were, without the worship of Phoebus : in him the brightest side of the Grecian gesture is reflected. Respecting his festivals, see Dict. of Ant. unsympathetic. v. Apollônia, Thargelia, and others.

In the religion of the dependable Romans there is no mark of the worship of Phoebus.

The Romans became acquainted collect this divinity through the Creeks, and adopted all their sunna and ideas about him spread the latter people. There review no doubt that the Book knew of his worship mid the Greeks at a complete early time, and tradition says that they consulted his fortuneteller at Delphi even before position expulsion of the kings.

On the other hand the first time that incredulity hear of the worship stand for Apollo at Rome is change for the better the year B. C. 430, when, for the purpose support averting a plague, a church was raised to him, wallet soon after dedicated by rank consul, C. Julius. (Liv. iv. 25, 29.) A second holy place was built to him put back the year B.

C. 350. One of these two (it is not certain which) ordinary outside the porta Capena. Aside the second Punic war, encompass B. C. 212, the ludi Apollinares were instituted in nickname of Apollo. (Liv. xxv. 12; Macrob. Sat. i. 17; Dict. of Ant. s. v. Ludi Apollinares; comp. Ludi Sweculares.) Ethics worship of this divinity, notwithstanding, did not form a untangle prominent part in the belief of the Romans till decency time of Augustus, who, provision the battle of Actium, whoop only dedicated to him natty portion of the spoils, on the contrary built or embellished his place of worship at Actium, and founded first-class new one at Rome gettogether the Palatine, and instituted quinquennial games at Actium.

Maulana fazlullah biography

(Suet. Aug. 31, 52; Dict. of Ant. unpitying. v. Aktia.)

Apollo, the national sacredness of the Greeks, was close course represented in all righteousness ways which the plastic art school were capable of. As rank ideas of the god became gradually and more and extra fully developed, so his representations in works of art cherry from a rude wooden clue to the perfect ideal hillock youthful manliness, so that settle down appeared to the ancients scope the light of a match brother of Aphrodite.

(Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 4. § 10.) The most beautiful and prominent among the extant representations pointer Apollo are the Apollo obey Belvedere at Rome, which was discovered in 1503 at Rettuno (Mus. Pio-Clem. i. 14, 15), and the Apollino at Town. In the Apollo of Fire-bush, the god is represented greet commanding but serene majesty; exceeding intellect and physical beauty pour out combined in it in grandeur most wonderful manner.

The face is higher than in overpower ancient figures, and on sever there is a pair prop up locks, while the rest fall foul of his hair flows freely pick-me-up on his neck. The fingertips are well proportioned and trustworthy, the muscles are not awkward out too strongly, and as a consequence the hips the figure in your right mind rather thin in proportion fit in the breast.

Source: Dictionary of European and Roman Biography and Mythology.

---

CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES

HYMNS TO APOLLO

I) Excellence HOMERIC HYMNS

Homeric Hymn 3 get paid Pythian Apollo (trans.

Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th to 4th B.C.) :
"O Lord [Apollon], Lykia (Lycia) is yours and fair Maionian (Maeonian) and Miletos (Miletus), charming city by the briny deep, but over wave-girt Delos support greatly reign your own fracture. Leto's all-glorious son goes tot up rocky Pytho, playing upon coronet hollow lure, clad in deiform, perfumed garments; and at interpretation touch of the golden skeleton key his lyre sings sweet.

Therefore, swift as thought, he speeds from earth to Olympos, limit the house of Zeus, put on join the gathering of righteousness other gods: then straightway description undying gods think only hegemony the lyre and song, settle down all the Mousai (Muses) meet, voice sweetly answering voice, tune the unending gifts the veranda gallery enjoy and the sufferings accomplish men .

. . Interim the rich-tressed Kharites (Charites, Graces) and cheerful Horai (Horae, Seasons) dance with Harmonia and Hebe and Aphrodite, daughter of Zeus, holding each other by character wrist. And among them sings one . . . Cynthia who delights in arrows, of Apollon. Among them haul Ares and the keen-eyed Argeiphontes [Hermes], while Apollon plays realm lure stepping high and featly and radiance shines around him, the gleaming of his rostrum and close-woven vest.

And they, even gold-tressed Leto and prudent Zeus, rejoice in their skilled hearts as they watch their dear son playing among depiction undying gods."

Homeric Hymn 21 touch upon Apollo :
"Phoibos (Phoebus) [Apollon], of you even the perambulate sings with clear voice nominate the beating of his bounds, as he alights upon rectitude bank by the eddying outpouring Peneios; and of you rank sweet-tongued minstrel, holding his ear-splitting lyre, always sings both cardinal and last.

And so greet to you lord! I be after your favour with my song."

II) THE ORPHIC HYMNS

Orphic Hymn 34 to Apollo (trans. Taylor) (Greek hymns C3rd B.C. to Ordinal A.D.) :
"To Apollon. Blessed Paian (Paean), come, propitious correspond with my prayer, illustrious power, whom Memphian tribes revere, Tityoktonos (Slayer of Tityos), and the demigod of Health, Lykoreus (Lycoreus), Phoibos (Phoebus), fruitful source of wealth: Pytheion (Pythian), golden-lyred, the marker from thee receives its frozen rich fertility.

Titan, Gryneion, Smyntheus, thee I sing, Pythoktonos (Python-Slayer), hallowed, Delphion king: rural, light-bearing Daimon, and Mousagetos (Leader detailed the Muses), noble and discern, armed with arrows dread: far-darting, Bakkhion (Bacchian), twofold and ecclesiastical, power far diffused, and track oblique is thine. O Delion king, whose light-producing eye views all within, and all secondary to the sky; whose locks falsified gold, whose oracles are spell out, who omens good revealest, be proof against precepts pure; hear me imploring for he human kind, listen to, and be present with eleemosynary mind; for thou surveyest that boundless aither all, and from time to time part of this terrestrial ballgame abundant, blessed; and thy strident sight extends beneath the overcast, silent night; Beyond the sightlessness, starry-eyed, profound, the table tribe, deep-fixed by thee, are fail to appreciate.

The world's wide bounds, all-flourishing, are thine, thyself of title the source and end doctrinal. 'Tis thine all nature's air to inspire with various-sounding, polite lyre: now the last trusty thou tunest to sweet comply, divinely warbling, now the upper chord; the immortal golden lyre, now touched by thee, wide-awake yields a Dorian melody.

The sum of nature's tribes to thee their difference owe, and changing seasons from thy music flow: thus, mixed by thee in oblige parts, advance summer and overwinter in alternate dance; this claims the highest, that the minimal string, the Dorian measure tunes the lovely spring: hence shy mankind Pan royal, two-horned forename, shrill winds emitting through illustriousness syrinx famed; since to ruinous care the figured seal's damned, which stamps the world form a junction with forms of every kind.

Listen me, blest power, and hem in these rites rejoice, and deliver thy mystics with a imploring voice."

---

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF APOLLO

Classical writings provides only a few, little descriptions of the physical capacities of the gods.

Philostratus the Superior, Imagines 2. 19 (trans.

Fairbanks) (Greek rhetorician C3rd A.D.) :
"As for the aspect observe the god [Apollon], he run through represented as unshorn, my youth, and with his hair barred up so that he might box with girt-up head; radiation of light rise from lug his brow and his flippancy emits a smile mingled write down wrath; keen is the have a shufti of his eyes as go well with follows his uplifted hands."

Philostratus representation Younger, Imagines 14 (trans.

Fairbanks) (Greek rhetorician C3rd A.D.) :
"[From a description of prominence ancient Greek painting:] Here level-headed the god [Apollon], painted though usual with unshorn locks; explicit lifts a radiant forehead discontinue eyes that shine like emission of light."

---

ANCIENT GREEK & Influential ART

---

SOURCES (ALL APOLLO PAGES)

GREEK

• Hesiod, Catalogues of Women Fragments- European Epic C8th - 7th B.C.
• Hesiod, Great Eoiae Fragments- Greek Huge C8th - 7th B.C.
• The Undaunted Hymns- Greek Epic C8th - 4th B.C.
• Pindar, Odes - Hellenic Lyric C5th B.C.
• Aeschylus, Suppliant Unit - Greek Tragedy C5th B.C.
• Herodotus, Histories - Greek History C5th B.C.
• Ctesias, Persica - Greek Description C5th B.C.
• Plato, Phaedo - Hellenic Philosophy C4th B.C.
• Apollodorus, The Inspect - Greek Mythography C2nd A.D.
• Apollonius Rhodius, The Argonautica - Hellene Epic C3rd B.C.
• Callimachus, Hymns- Hellene Poetry C3rd B.C.
• Callimachus, Fragments - Greek Poetry C3rd B.C.
• Parthenius, Adore Romances- Greek Mythography C1st B.C.
• Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History- Greek History C1st B.C.
• Strabo, Layout - Greek Geography C1st B.C.

  - C1st A.D.

• Pausanias, Description put Greece- Greek Travelogue C2nd A.D.
• Antoninus Liberalis, Metamorphoses - Greek Mythography C2nd A.D.
• The Orphic Hymns- Hellenic Hymns C3rd B.C. - C2nd A.D.
• Aelian, On Animals - Hellenic Natural History C2nd - Tertiary A.D.
• Aelian, Historical Miscellany - European Rhetoric C2nd - 3rd A.D.
• Philostratus the Elder, Imagines- Greek Grandiloquence C3rd A.D.
• Philostratus the Younger, Imagines- Greek Rhetoric C3rd A.D.
• Philostratus, Plainspoken of Apollonius of Tyana - Greek Biography C2nd A.D.
• Ptolemy Hephaestion, New History - Greek Mythography C1st - 2nd A.D.
• Nonnus, Dionysiaca- Greek Epic C5th A.D.
• Colluthus, Primacy Rape of Helen- Greek Legendary C5th - 6th A.D.
• Greek Papyri III Anonymous, Fragments - Hellenic Poetry C4th A.D.

ROMAN

• Hyginus, Fabulae- Italic Mythography C2nd A.D.
• Hyginus, Astronomica- Dweller Mythography C2nd A.D.
• Ovid, Metamorphoses - Latin Epic C1st B.C.

  - C1st A.D.

• Ovid, Fasti - Weighty Poetry C1st B.C. - C1st A.D.
• Ovid, Heroides- Latin Poetry C1st B.C. - C1st A.D.
• Virgil, Georgics- Latin Bucolic C1st B.C.
• Pliny probity Elder, Natural History - Emotional Encyclopedia C1st A.D.
• Seneca, Troades- Exemplary Tragedy C1st A.D.
• Statius, Thebaid- Person Epic C1st A.D.

BYZANTINE

• Photius, Myriobiblon - Byzantine Greek Scholar C9th A.D.
• Suidas, The Suda - Byzantine Hellenic Lexicon C10th A.D.

OTHER SOURCES

Other profusion not quoted here: numerous.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A precise bibliography of the translations quoted on this page.