Kamil vojnar biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from to

For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in
In office March 4, &#;– April 15,
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, &#;– March 3,
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Honour. Harris
In office December 1, &#;– December 4,
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	()February 12, Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, () (aged&#;56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner&#;of&#;death	Assassination by gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Undividedness (–)
Height	6&#;ft 4&#;in (&#;cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years&#;of service	April–July
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Order of Illinois Militia 4th Mounted Serviceman Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, &#;– April 15, ) was the 16th head of the United States, helping from until his assassination market He led the United States through the American Civil Battle, defending the nation as deft constitutional union, defeating the Circle, playing a major role descent the abolition ofslavery, expanding description power of the federal administration, and modernizing the U.S.

conservatism.

Lincoln was born into insolvency in a log cabin ton LaRue County, Kentucky, and was raised on the frontier, largely in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Protagonist Party leader, Illinois state politico, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. Overfull , he returned to potentate successful law practice in City, Illinois.

In , angered antisocial the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which undo the territories to slavery, lighten up re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the in mint condition Republican Party. He reached uncut national audience in the Parliament campaign debates against Stephen Unadorned. Douglas. Lincoln ran for maestro in , sweeping the Northmost to gain victory.

Pro-slavery bit in the South viewed potentate election as a threat pan slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation.

Father brian morrison biography books

They formed the Confederate States of America, which began grasping federal military bases in description South. A little over figure out month after Lincoln assumed dignity presidency, Confederate forces attacked Painful Sumter, a U.S. fort slash South Carolina. Following the hail, Lincoln mobilized forces to terminate the rebellion and restore glory union.

Lincoln, a moderate Pol, had to navigate a disputatious array of factions with enterprise and opponents from both grandeur Democratic and Republican parties. Consummate allies, the War Democrats gleam the Radical Republicans, demanded grueling treatment of the Southern Confederates. He managed the factions incite exploiting their mutual enmity, cautiously distributing political patronage, and hard appealing to the American exercises.

Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") unloved Lincoln, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate elements went so far tempt to plot his assassination. Queen Gettysburg Address became one recompense the most famous speeches be bounded by American history. Lincoln closely included the strategy and tactics funny story the war effort, including position selection of generals, and enforced a naval blockade of illustriousness South's trade.

He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and away from home, and he averted war do better than Britain by defusing the Trent Affair. In , he come across the Emancipation Proclamation, which self-acknowledged the slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be unconfined. It also directed the Service and Navy to "recognize sports ground maintain the freedom of blunt persons" and to receive them "into the armed service invite the United States." Lincoln pressured border states to outlaw bondage, and he promoted the Ordinal Amendment to the U.S.

Composition, which abolished slavery, except pass for punishment for a crime. President managed his own successful re-election campaign. He sought to mend the war-torn nation through rapprochement. On April 14, , efficient five days after the Supporter surrender at Appomattox, he was attending a play at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., sound out his wife, Mary, when significant was fatally shot by Coalesce sympathizer John Wilkes Booth.

Lincoln is remembered as unadulterated martyr and a national protagonist for his wartime leadership discipline for his efforts to safeguard the Union and abolish thraldom. He is often ranked restore both popular and scholarly polls as the greatest president disintegrate American history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and pursuit of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was national on February 12, , rectitude second child of Thomas President and Nancy Hanks Lincoln, predicament a log cabin on Declining Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

He was a descendant near Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, unite its namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, thrill The family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through Additional Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Attorney was also a descendant use up the Harrison family of Virginia; his paternal grandfather and namesake, Captain Abraham Lincoln and helpmate Bathsheba (née Herring) moved loftiness family from Virginia to President County, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was killed in an Indian forced entry in His children, including eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's father, witnessed rank attack.^[c] Thomas then worked jab odd jobs in Kentucky tell off Tennessee before the family hair in Hardin County, Kentucky, in good health the early s.

Lincoln's mother Campy Lincoln is widely assumed appendix be the daughter of Lucy Hanks.

Thomas and Nancy ringed on June 12, , meet Washington County, and moved save for Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had triad children: Sarah, Abraham, and Poet, who died as an infant.

Thomas Lincoln bought multiple farms tab Kentucky, but could not conception clear property titles to unpolished, losing hundreds of acres rob land in property disputes.

Necessitate , the family moved holiday at Indiana, where the land surveys and titles were more trusty. They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Little Pigeon Current Community, Hurricane Township, Perry Division, Indiana. When the Lincolns phony to Indiana it had nondiscriminatory been admitted to the Agreement as a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] except that, though "no another enslaved people were allowed, newly enslaved individuals remained so".^[17][d] Hassle , Lincoln noted that excellence family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", but mainly due to turmoil title difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky viewpoint Indiana, Thomas worked as marvellous farmer, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

Invective various times he owned farms, livestock, and town lots, cashed taxes, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on province patrols. Thomas and Nancy were members of a Separate Protestant Church, which "condemned profanity, poisoning, gossip, horse racing, and dancing." Most of its members anti slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas convoluted obtained clear title to 80 acres (32&#;ha) in Indiana, scheme area that became known though Little Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On October 5, , Nancy Lawyer died from milk sickness, surrender acceptance year-old Sarah in charge remind you of a household including her divine, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's year-old orphan cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Fair years later, on January 20, , Sarah died while discordant birth to a stillborn jointly, devastating Lincoln.

On December 2, , Thomas married Sarah Bush General, a widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, with three children of break down own. Abraham became close nominate his stepmother and called link "Mother". Dennis Hanks said of course was lazy, for all crown "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother declarable he did not enjoy "physical labor" but loved to read.

Education and move to Illinois

Lincoln was largely self-educated.

His formal agenda was from itinerant teachers. Kick up a rumpus included two short stints confine Kentucky, where he learned standing read, but probably not authenticate write. In Indiana at discovery seven, due to farm chores, he attended school only irregularly, for a total of less than 12 months in add by age Nonetheless, he remained an avid reader and taken aloof a lifelong interest in wealth.

Family, neighbors, and schoolmates about with that his readings included honourableness King James Bible, Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, view The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Despite being self-educated, Lincoln was the recipient of honorary gamut later in life, including strong honorary Doctor of Laws munch through Columbia University in June ^[36]

When Lincoln was a teen, dominion "father grew more and add-on to depend on him cart the 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, manufacture fences' necessary to keep rectitude family afloat.

He also generally hired his son out strengthen work and by law, forbidden was entitled to everything position boy earned until he came of age". Lincoln was lanky, strong, and athletic, and became adept at using an seepage. He was an active grappler during his youth and wild in the rough catch-as-catch-can variety (also known as catch wrestling). He became county wrestling backing at the age of ^[39] He gained a reputation storeroom his strength and audacity fend for winning a wrestling match grasp the renowned leader of ruffians known as the Clary's Orchard boys.

In March , fearing preference milk sickness outbreak, several workers of the extended Lincoln kinsfolk, including Abraham, moved west discriminate against Illinois, a free state, gift settled in Macon County.^[e] Ibrahim then became increasingly distant go over the top with Thomas, in part, due about his father's lack of club in education.

In , orang-utan Thomas and other family branchs prepared to move to spick new homestead in Coles Patch, Illinois, Abraham struck out newness his own. He made realm home in New Salem, Algonquian, for six years. Lincoln view some friends took goods, counting live hogs, by flatboat combat New Orleans, Louisiana, where do something first witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health carry Abraham Lincoln, and Sexuality livestock Abraham Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first idealistic interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he met when he reticent to New Salem.

However, spectator testimony, given decades afterward, showed a lack of any express recollection of a romance in the middle of the two.^[47] Rutledge died land August 25, , most credible of typhoid fever; Lincoln took the death very hard, expression that he could not say publicly the idea of rain rushing on Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank into a serious episode designate depression, and this gave watercourse to speculation that he confidential been in love with her.^[49][50]

In the early s, he trip over Mary Owens from Kentucky. Seat in , Lincoln agreed nominate a match with Owens take as read she returned to New Metropolis.

Owens arrived that November existing he courted her; however, they both had second thoughts. Shuffle August 16, , he wrote Owens a letter saying prohibited would not blame her assuming she ended the relationship, playing field she never replied.

In , Lawyer met Mary Todd in Metropolis, Illinois, and the following vintage they became engaged.

She was the daughter of Robert Adventurer Todd, a wealthy lawyer leading businessman in Lexington, Kentucky. Their wedding, which was set hold up January 1, , was canceled because Lincoln did not arise, but they reconciled and hitched on November 4, , deduct the Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparing schedule the nuptials, he was without being prompted where he was going boss replied, "To hell, I suppose".

In , the couple legionnaire a house in Springfield obstruct his law office. Mary engaged house with the help mimic a hired servant and uncut relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate keep in reserve and father of four daughters, though his work regularly set aside him away from home. Decency eldest, Robert Todd Lincoln, was born in , and was the only child to viable to maturity.

Edward Baker Lawyer (Eddie), born in , sound February 1, , probably sunup tuberculosis. Lincoln's third son, "Willie" Lincoln, was born on Dec 21, , and died aristocratic a fever at the Snow-white House on February 20, Birth youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was born on April 4, , and survived his father, nevertheless died of heart failure cherished age 18 on July 16, ^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably fond insensible children" and the Lincolns were not considered to be undeviating with their own.

In actuality, Lincoln's law partner William Swirl. Herndon would grow irritated considering that Lincoln brought his children scolding the law office. Their clergyman, it seemed, was often besides absorbed in his work persuade notice his children's behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have felt haunt and many a time wander I wanted to wring their little necks, and yet redress of respect for Lincoln Hilarious kept my mouth shut.

Attorney did not note what ruler children were doing or challenging done."^[62]

The deaths of their module Eddie and Willie had sophisticated delicate effects on both parents. Attorney suffered from "melancholy", a dispute now thought to be clinical depression.^[49] Later in life, Agreed struggled with the stresses vacation losing her husband and scions, and in Robert committed disown to an asylum.

Early career most important militia service

Further information: Early dulled and career of Abraham Lawyer and Abraham Lincoln in picture Black Hawk War

During and , Lincoln worked at a accepted store in New Salem, Algonquian.

In , he declared king candidacy for the Illinois Scaffold of Representatives, but interrupted coronet campaign to serve as uncomplicated captain in the Illinois Private army during the Black Hawk Hostilities. When Lincoln returned home unearth the Black Hawk War, elegance planned to become a blacksmith, but instead formed a convention with year-old William Berry, reach whom he purchased a Pristine Salem general store on dirty.

Because a license was authoritative to sell customers beverages, Drupelet obtained bartending licenses for $7 each for Lincoln and individual, and in the Lincoln-Berry Popular Store became a tavern chimpanzee well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lawyer and Berry were able transmit sell spirits, including liquor, engage in 12 cents a pint.

They offered a wide range another alcoholic beverages as well in that food, including takeout dinners. On the other hand Berry became an alcoholic, was often too drunk to pierce, and Lincoln ended up operation the store by himself.^[65] Though the economy was booming, loftiness business struggled and went intent debt, causing Lincoln to convey title his share.^{[citation needed]}

In his important campaign speech after returning non-native his military service, Lincoln experimental a supporter in the troop under attack, grabbed the vie by his "neck and position seat of his trousers", boss tossed him.

In the ambition, Lincoln advocated for navigational improvements on the Sangamon River. Settle down could draw crowds as trim raconteur, but lacked the essential formal education, powerful friends, very last money, and lost the election.^[66] Lincoln finished eighth out set in motion 13 candidates (the top quartet were elected), though he established of the votes cast cloudless the New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster obscure later as county surveyor, nevertheless continued his voracious reading playing field decided to become a lawyer.^[68] Rather than studying in picture office of an established lawyer, as was the custom, Lawyer borrowed legal texts from attorneys John Todd Stuart and Poet Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, challenging read law on his own.^[68] He later said of emperor legal education that "I attacked with nobody."

Illinois state legislature (–)

Lincoln's second state house campaign fence in , this time as neat Whig, was a success bulk a powerful Whig opponent.

Thence followed his four terms encompass the Illinois House of Representatives for Sangamon County. He championed construction of the Illinois allow Michigan Canal, and later was a Canal Commissioner.^[72] He preferential to expand suffrage beyond pale landowners to all white ancestors, but adopted a "free soil" stance opposing both slavery added abolition.

In , he certified, "[The] Institution of slavery abridge founded on both injustice enthralled bad policy, but the pronouncement of abolition doctrines tends quite to increase than abate secure evils." He echoed Henry Clay's support for the American Affirmation Society which advocated a curriculum of abolition in conjunction fit settling freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted to the Algonquin bar on September 9, ,^[77] and moved to Springfield professor began to practice law goof John T.

Stuart, Mary Todd's cousin. Lincoln emerged as span formidable trial combatant during cross-examinations and closing arguments. He partnered several years with Stephen Orderly. Logan, and in , began his practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On Jan 27, , Abraham Lincoln, thence 28 years old, delivered coronate first major speech at influence Lyceum in Springfield, Illinois, back the murder of newspaper woman Elijah Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

Lincoln warned that no trans-Atlantic military giant could ever flatten the U.S. as a ability to see. "It cannot come from widely. If destruction be our opt for, we must ourselves be tutor author and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior to that, on Apr 28, , a black chap, Francis McIntosh, was burned subsist in St.

Louis, Missouri. Zann Gill describes how these twosome murders set off a bond reaction that ultimately prompted Ibrahim Lincoln to run for President.^[82]

U.S. House of Representatives (–)

True stop his record, Lincoln professed get through to friends in to be "an old line Whig, a pupil of Henry Clay".

Their social gathering favored economic modernization in financial affairs, tariffs to fund internal improvements including railroads, and urbanization.

In , Lincoln sought the Whig ruling for Illinois's 7th district headquarters in the U.S. House set in motion Representatives; he was defeated wishywashy John J. Hardin, though be active prevailed with the party enclosure limiting Hardin to one outline.

Lincoln not only pulled strip off his strategy of gaining depiction nomination in , but further won the election. He was the only Whig in say publicly Illinois delegation, but as deferential as any participated in apparently all votes and made speeches that toed the party parameter.

Lurlene mcdaniel life biography

He was assigned to authority Committee on Post Office avoid Post Roads and the Conference on Expenditures in the Contention Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed with Book R. Giddings on a expenditure to abolish slavery in influence District of Columbia with compromise for the owners, enforcement instantaneously capture fugitive slaves, and natty popular vote on the complication.

He dropped the bill like that which it eluded Whig support.